Kay R F, Simons E L
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1983 Dec;62(4):363-75. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.1330620403.
The eruption sequence for the lower teeth of Apidium phiomense based on 18 juvenile specimens is dP3, dP4, M1, M2, P2, P4, (P3, M3), C. Only five specimens of Parapithecus grangeri show developing lower teeth. P2, M1, and M2 all erupted before P3 and P4; C and M3 were the last cheek teeth to erupt. Late eruption of the lower canines in parapithecids is a possible shared derived resemblance linking these species with Anthropoidea and Adapidae and distinguishing both from Omomyidae, Tarsiidae, and tooth-combed lemurs. Late eruption of M3 in parapithecids is a shared derived resemblance with Anthropoidea alone. The lower dental formula of Apidium phiomense is confirmed as 2 X 1 X 3 X 3 by additional specimens which show the incisors. Based in part on tooth socket counts, the deciduous lower dental formula was 2 X 1 X 3. New specimens of Parapithecus grangeri now demonstrate an adult mandibular dental formula of 0 X 1 X 3 X 3 (not 2 X 1 X 3 X 3 as previously thought) and a juvenile formula of 1 X 1 X 3. The number of incisors possessed by Parapithecus fraasi is again open to debate. Material is insufficient to judge whether this species had a pair of incisors in each lower jaw quadrant, by analogy with Apidium, or had undergone reduction to just one incisor. In any event, the presence of two incisors in another parapithecid Apidium shows anterior tooth reduction of Parapithecus grangeri occurred independent of, and should not be considered a shared derived similarity with, Tarsiidae, as was once thought.
基于18个幼年标本的菲氏阿皮猴下齿萌出顺序为乳前臼齿3、乳前臼齿4、第一臼齿、第二臼齿、第二前臼齿、第四前臼齿、（第三前臼齿、第三臼齿）、犬齿。仅有5个格兰杰副猿标本显示有正在发育的下齿。第二前臼齿、第一臼齿和第二臼齿均在第三前臼齿和第四前臼齿之前萌出；犬齿和第三臼齿是最后萌出的颊齿。副猿类下犬齿的晚萌出可能是一种共同的衍生相似性，将这些物种与类人猿和兔猴科联系起来，并将它们与眼镜猴科、跗猴科以及梳齿狐猴区分开来。副猿类中第三臼齿的晚萌出是仅与类人猿共有的衍生相似性。通过显示有门齿的其他标本，菲氏阿皮猴的下齿式被确认为2×1×3×3。部分基于牙槽计数，乳下齿式为2×1×3。格兰杰副猿的新标本现在显示成年下颌齿式为0×1×3×3（而非之前认为的2×1×3×3），幼年齿式为1×1×3。弗氏副猿的门齿数量再次存在争议。材料不足以判断该物种是否像阿皮猴一样在下颌每个象限有一对门齿，还是已经减少到只有一颗门齿。无论如何，另一种副猿阿皮猴有两颗门齿，这表明格兰杰副猿的前牙减少是独立发生的，不应像曾经认为的那样被视为与跗猴科的共同衍生相似性。
