Mintz P D
Ann Clin Lab Sci. 1984 May-Jun;14(3):198-207.
Hepatitis is a common and potentially serious adverse effect of blood transfusion. A large number of strategies have been developed or proposed to reduce the incidence of post-transfusion hepatitis (PTH). The education of physicians regarding the risks of hemotherapy and the judicious use of blood must be the cornerstone of any substantial reduction in PTH. The use of volunteer rather than paid donors is associated with a much reduced incidence of PTH. Deferral of donors implicated in PTH is also helpful. Other proposed strategies include donor alanine amino-transferase levels, donor anti-HBc testing, the provision of immune globulin to recipients, and the inactivation, removal, or immune neutralization of the virus from blood products. In the absence of a blood substitute, autologous transfusion is an excellent means of improving transfusion safety. The incidence of PTH type B should decrease as an increasing proportion of donors and recipients are immunized by vaccine and as increasingly sensitive tests for HBsAg become available. The development of a serologic test and vaccine for non-A, non-B hepatitis would be outstanding accomplishments, but their absence underscores the need to pursue vigorously other means of reducing the incidence of the disease.
肝炎是输血常见且可能严重的不良反应。已制定或提出了大量策略以降低输血后肝炎（PTH）的发生率。对医生进行血液治疗风险教育以及合理用血必须是大幅降低PTH发生率的基石。使用志愿献血者而非有偿献血者与PTH发生率大幅降低相关。推迟有PTH相关问题的献血者献血也有帮助。其他提出的策略包括检测献血者丙氨酸转氨酶水平、检测献血者抗-HBc、给受血者提供免疫球蛋白以及对血液制品中的病毒进行灭活、去除或免疫中和。在没有血液替代品的情况下，自体输血是提高输血安全性的极佳方法。随着越来越多的献血者和受血者接种疫苗以及检测HBsAg的方法越来越灵敏，B型PTH的发生率应会下降。开发非甲非乙型肝炎的血清学检测方法和疫苗将是了不起的成就，但目前尚未实现，这凸显了大力寻求其他降低该病发生率方法的必要性。
