Rödl W, Nebel G, Engelhard K
Rofo. 1984 May;140(5):531-6. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1053023.
Four patients with spontaneous bleeding from the pancreas are described. Transpapillary bleeding is diagnosed endoscopically. Angiography can demonstrate the eroded vessel directly. Ultrasound, CT and ERCP demonstrate the underlying abnormality in the pancreas. Bleeding into a cyst produces characteristic echoes, or an increase in density. NMR is able to demonstrate pancreatitis and pancreatic pseudo-cysts. Early diagnosis is extremely important, since without appropriate surgery, pancreatic bleeding is frequently fatal.
本文描述了4例胰腺自发性出血患者。经内镜诊断为经乳头出血。血管造影可直接显示受侵蚀的血管。超声、CT和内镜逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）可显示胰腺潜在的异常。血液流入囊肿会产生特征性回声或密度增加。核磁共振成像（NMR）能够显示胰腺炎和胰腺假性囊肿。早期诊断极为重要，因为若无适当手术，胰腺出血常可致命。
