Cunningham E E, Venuto R C, Zielezny M A
Drug Alcohol Depend. 1984 Sep;14(1):19-22. doi: 10.1016/0376-8716(84)90014-0.
Heroin-associated nephropathy (HAN) is a complication of the intravenous use of heroin or cocaine. It has been postulated that one of the substances used to adulterate these drugs may be responsible for the renal injury. We examined data provided by the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) concerning the laboratory analysis of 12 366 samples of heroin/cocaine. These street-grade drugs were analyzed for the presence of various adulterants or secondary substances. Eleven adulterants were identified with a frequency of occurrence that exceeded 5%. Quinine, mannitol, lactose and procaine were the non-narcotic compounds most commonly found. Other substances found included caffeine, inositol, lidocaine, starches, methapyrilene, sucrose, acetylprocaine and dextrose. No specific substance including heroin or cocaine has yet been definitely implicated as causative of HAN. These data suggest that further animal research is needed to determine the effects of repeated intravenous injections of each of these commonly found substances on the kidney.
海洛因相关性肾病（HAN）是静脉注射海洛因或可卡因的一种并发症。据推测，用于掺杂这些毒品的物质之一可能是导致肾损伤的原因。我们研究了美国缉毒局（DEA）提供的有关12366份海洛因/可卡因样本实验室分析的数据。对这些街头级毒品进行了各种掺杂物或次要物质的分析。鉴定出11种出现频率超过5%的掺杂物。奎宁、甘露醇、乳糖和普鲁卡因是最常见的非麻醉性化合物。发现的其他物质包括咖啡因、肌醇、利多卡因、淀粉、甲吡咯烷、蔗糖、乙酰普鲁卡因和葡萄糖。尚未明确有任何特定物质（包括海洛因或可卡因）被确定为HAN的病因。这些数据表明，需要进一步开展动物研究，以确定重复静脉注射这些常见物质中的每一种对肾脏的影响。
