Dorsal unpaired median neurons, and ventral bilaterally paired neurons, project to a visceral muscle in an insect.

Cobalt backfilling, Lucifer yellow injection and neurophysiological recordings have been used to identify the neurons, in particular dorsal unpaired median neurons, which contribute axons to the oviducal muscles of the locust Locusta migratoria. A total of eight neurons within the VIIth abdominal ganglion have axons passing to the oviducts. Three pairs of bilaterally symmetrical neurons have ventrally located cell bodies. One neuron from each pair projects to the left side of the oviducts and the other the right side of the oviducts. These cells lie ipsilateral to the nerve root through which they exit. The neuropilar branches are intraganglionic and lie mainly in the ipsilateral neuropile, however one of the neurons from each side possesses a giant process, reaching 10 micron in diameter, which passes dorsally to the contralateral side of the ganglion. The other two neurons are dorsal unpaired median neurons, and have large cell bodies which lie at the posterior end of the ganglion. Lucifer yellow injection into these two dorsal unpaired median neurons reveals a single neurite passing anteriorly from the cell body which bifurcates into two bilaterally symmetrical processes which exit to the oviducts through both the left and right sternal roots. Similar to other identified dorsal unpaired median neurons, the cell bodies stain with neutral red and can support overshooting action potentials. The possibility that these two cells contain octopamine is discussed.