Bühlmann A A
Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1984 Dec 1;114(48):1720-4.
Massive pulmonary embolism causes an acute pressure overload for the right ventricle associated with a drop in cardiac output leading, if untreated, to cardiogenic shock. Main symptoms of acute pulmonary embolism comprise dyspnea, hyperventilation, tachycardia, hypotension and cyanosis, which are the consequences of tissue hypoxia caused by hypoperfusion. Mild to moderate arterial hypoxemia, which is observed in most of the cases, can be explained by intrapulmonary venous admixture.
大面积肺栓塞会导致右心室急性压力负荷过重，同时心输出量下降，若不治疗，会引发心源性休克。急性肺栓塞的主要症状包括呼吸困难、通气过度、心动过速、低血压和发绀，这些都是由灌注不足导致的组织缺氧的后果。大多数病例中观察到的轻度至中度动脉血氧不足可由肺内静脉血掺杂来解释。
