Schönheit B, Haensel P
J Hirnforsch. 1984;25(6):617-31.
The spine morphology of LV--pyramidal neurons in the cingulate cortex was analyzed, using drawings of apical side dendrites without ramifications, by light microscopical analysis of 5300 times magnification in GOLGI-preparations of the brains of 11 and 60 days old control rats as well as of experimental animals reared under starvation conditions from day 1 till day 60 of their postnatal life. The spine density and the relative frequency of three different spine types (thin, mushroom and stubby shaped) was estimated in control and undernourished animals. Undernutrition resulted in a considerable deficit in the spine number of 25% in 11 days old animals, respectively, of 41% in 60 days old animals. Additionally, in 60 days old undernourished rats changes in the relative frequency of the three spine types was found. To the thin type belonged 46% (68% in controls) to the mushroom shaped form 37% (19% in controls) and to the stubby type 16% (13% in controls) of all visible spines. This pattern in 60 days old undernourished rats was very similar to the pattern of 11 days old control animals (thin 43%, mushroom 36%, stubby 22%). The evaluate the differentiation of the dendritic spines during ontogenesis as well as the disturbing influence of undernutrition on these processes, additional data of the spine morphology (neck length and head area) were collected. The spines of the 11 days old animals showed a larger head area (undernourished and controls) than the young adult ones. However, the thin spine type present in 60 days old undernourished rats exhibits morphological features (extremely long necks of about 2,5 micron in comparison to 1,6 micron in controls as well as very large heads) which appeared to be quite similar to the thin and long spine type observed by PURPURA (1975) in human fetal cortex and in cortex of patients with mental retardation. This super long thin spine type is considered to be a less ripe stage of the spine development. The relative high portion of mushroom and stubby shaped spines in undernourished and young animals points to the same assumption or to degenerative changes in the experimental animals.
利用无分支的顶侧树突绘图，通过光学显微镜对11日龄和60日龄对照大鼠以及出生后第1天至第60天在饥饿条件下饲养的实验动物的大脑高尔基制剂进行5300倍放大分析，研究了扣带回皮质中LV - 锥体神经元的脊柱形态。在对照动物和营养不良动物中估计了三种不同脊柱类型（细、蘑菇状和短粗状）的脊柱密度和相对频率。营养不良导致11日龄动物的脊柱数量显著减少25%，60日龄动物减少41%。此外，在60日龄营养不良大鼠中发现了三种脊柱类型相对频率的变化。在所有可见的脊柱中，细型占46%（对照中为68%），蘑菇状占37%（对照中为19%），短粗型占16%（对照中为13%）。60日龄营养不良大鼠的这种模式与11日龄对照动物的模式非常相似（细型43%，蘑菇状36%，短粗型22%）。为了评估个体发育过程中树突棘的分化以及营养不良对这些过程的干扰影响，收集了脊柱形态的其他数据（颈部长度和头部面积）。11日龄动物的脊柱头部面积（营养不良和对照）比年轻成年动物的大。然而，60日龄营养不良大鼠中存在的细脊柱类型表现出形态特征（与对照中的1.6微米相比，颈部极长约2.5微米，头部也非常大），这似乎与PURPURA（1975年）在人类胎儿皮质和智力发育迟缓患者皮质中观察到的细长脊柱类型非常相似。这种超长细脊柱类型被认为是脊柱发育的不太成熟阶段。营养不良动物和年轻动物中蘑菇状和短粗状脊柱的相对高比例指向相同的假设或实验动物中的退行性变化。
