Schönheit B, Haensel P
Institut für Anatomie, Bereiches Medizin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Deutsche Demokratische Republik.
J Hirnforsch. 1989;30(4):385-97.
By means of the GOLGI technique the influence of unspecific early postnatal undernourishment (from day 1 till day 20 of postnatal life followed by 40 days of recovery) on the spine morphology was investigated in the brain cortex of young adult animals, 60 days old. It was found that in experimental animals the three main spine types (thin spines, mushroom spines and stubby spines) had developed on apical lateral dendrites of cingulate pyramidal neurons, indicating the realization of the morphological characteristics of pyramidal neurons during starvation and recovery. However, in 60 days old control animals 65-70% of the spines belonged to the thin spine type, but in undernourished and rehabilitated animals the mushroom type is dominating and its percentage was found to have increased from 25-30% (controls) to 50% of all spines. Additionally, a significant enlargement of the stalked spines, especially of their synaptic end-knobs bearing spine heads was demonstrated in experimental animals. In undisturbed animals the short thin stem spine is considered to be necessary in a certain percentage to secure an optimum of resting activity in the neuron. The enhancement in the total spine number of 40-50% between day 20 (end of starvation) and day 60 (end of recovery), found earlier by us, taken together with the present results (increase in mushroom spines and spine head enlargement) point to a real new formation by division of previously enlarged mushroom spines as well as to transformations and shifts in the spine population during the recovery time. In the formation, development and maturation of the spines a change in their morphology from the filopodium-like type over the mushroom type and finally the thin stalked type may occur. Our results are discussed as being the expression of the neuronal plasticity persisting far into adulthood in order to enable the organism to react adaptive against changed living conditions.
通过高尔基染色技术，研究了出生后早期非特异性营养不良（出生后第1天至第20天，随后恢复40天）对60日龄成年幼小动物大脑皮质脊柱形态的影响。结果发现，在实验动物中，扣带回锥体神经元顶端外侧树突上已形成了三种主要的脊柱类型（细脊柱、蘑菇状脊柱和短粗脊柱），这表明在饥饿和恢复过程中锥体神经元的形态特征得以实现。然而，在60日龄的对照动物中，65 - 70%的脊柱属于细脊柱类型，但在营养不良和恢复后的动物中，蘑菇状类型占主导地位，其百分比从对照的25 - 30%增加到所有脊柱的50%。此外，在实验动物中还发现有柄脊柱明显增大，尤其是其带有脊柱头的突触终钮。在未受干扰的动物中，一定比例的短细茎脊柱被认为对于确保神经元的最佳静息活动是必要的。我们之前发现，在第20天（饥饿结束）至第60天（恢复结束）之间，脊柱总数增加了40 - 50%，结合目前的结果（蘑菇状脊柱增加和脊柱头增大）表明，之前增大的蘑菇状脊柱通过分裂产生了真正的新形成，以及在恢复期间脊柱群体的转变和变化。在脊柱的形成、发育和成熟过程中，其形态可能会从丝状类型转变为蘑菇状类型，最终变为细茎类型。我们的结果被认为是神经元可塑性在成年后仍持续存在的表现，以便使生物体能够对变化的生活条件做出适应性反应。
