Kriz B, Teplý V, Pecenka J, Serý V, Jezek Z, Bláha R, Maresková O
J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol. 1980;24(1):42-62.
Immunological surveys of diphtheric antitoxic antibodies confirmed the existence of a high circulation of Corynebacterium diphtheriae in some African and Asian countries. The high immunity level in early childhood confirms the well known fact that other forms of diphtheria, in particular the cutaneous forms, participate in the formation of antitoxic antibodies. Immunological surveys can determine relatively exactly the extent of risk of infection in the separate age groups and thus delimit the range of the planned vaccination campaigns. Exact determination of the age groups eligible for vaccination makes it possible efficaciously to employ the means allotted for the health services. In some cases, it is possible to dispense with vaccination altogether. However, it should be borne in mind that a change in the socio-economic conditions and increasing urbanization of these countries may induce a radical change in the situation. Children not protected from the cutaneous forms thanks to a better hygienic and social standard, might fall ill with diphtheria of the throat in the future. It is therefore advisable to continue the follow-up of the immune state of the child population at several years time intervals and, in case of necessity, timely to intervene by vaccinating the endangered groups.
对白喉抗毒素抗体的免疫学调查证实，在一些非洲和亚洲国家存在白喉杆菌的高传播率。幼儿期的高免疫水平证实了一个众所周知的事实，即白喉的其他形式，特别是皮肤型白喉，参与了抗毒素抗体的形成。免疫学调查可以相对准确地确定不同年龄组的感染风险程度，从而划定计划免疫运动的范围。准确确定适合接种疫苗的年龄组，能够有效地利用分配给卫生服务的资源。在某些情况下，完全可以不进行疫苗接种。然而，应该记住，这些国家社会经济条件的变化和城市化进程的加快可能会使情况发生根本性改变。由于卫生和社会标准提高而未受到皮肤型白喉保护的儿童，未来可能会患咽喉白喉。因此，建议每隔几年继续对儿童群体的免疫状态进行跟踪，并在必要时及时对濒危群体进行疫苗接种干预。
