Guin J D, Gillis W T, Beaman J H
J Am Acad Dermatol. 1981 Jan;4(1):99-114. doi: 10.1016/s0190-9622(81)70014-8.
Poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac are now classified in the genus Toxicodendron which is readily distinguished from Rhus. In the United States, there are two species of poison oak, Toxicodendron diversilobum (western poison oak) and Toxicodendron toxicarium (eastern poison oak). There are also two species of poison ivy, Toxicodendron rydbergii, a nonclimbing subshrub, and Toxicodendron radicans, which may be either a shrub or a climbing vine. There are nine subspecies of T. radicans, six of which are found in the United States. One species of poison sumac, Toxicodendron vernix, occurs in the United States. Distinguishing features of these plants and characteristics that separate Toxicodendron from Rhus are outlined in the text and illustrated in color plates.
毒葛、毒栎和毒漆树现在被归类于毒漆属，该属很容易与盐肤木属区分开来。在美国，有两种毒栎，即加州毒栎（西部毒栎）和毒栎（东部毒栎）。也有两种毒葛，即赖德伯格氏毒葛，一种非攀缘亚灌木，以及美洲毒葛，它既可以是灌木也可以是攀缘藤本植物。美洲毒葛有九个亚种，其中六个分布在美国。有一种毒漆树，即沼生毒漆树，生长在美国。文中概述了这些植物的鉴别特征以及将毒漆属与盐肤木属区分开来的特点，并在彩色插图中进行了说明。
