Shearer T R, Kolstad D L, Suttie J W
Am J Vet Res. 1978 Apr;39(4):587-602.
Incisor teeth from 5- to 6-year-old Holstein-Friesian cattle maintained on a ration averaging 40 ppm F annually from 4 months of age were analyzed by a variety of histologic techniques. These techniques included photomicroscopy, microradiography, protein staining, and microhardness testing. The features of fluorotic enamel that were noted were: hypomineralized outer enamel, coronal cementum hyperplasia, disrupted subsurface pigment band, hypoplastic pits, puckered incremental lines, periodic radiolucent regions, positive protein staining, and decreased microhardness of the outer enamel. These results were similar to the lesions of dental fluorosis observed in other species, and explain the external appearance of fluorotic bovine teeth observed under field conditions.
对5至6岁的荷斯坦-弗里生奶牛的门齿进行了多种组织学技术分析，这些奶牛从4月龄起食用平均每年含氟量为40 ppm的日粮。这些技术包括光学显微镜检查、显微放射照相、蛋白质染色和显微硬度测试。所观察到的氟斑牙釉质特征为：釉质外层矿化不足、牙冠牙骨质增生、表面下色素带中断、发育不全的凹坑、皱缩的生长线、周期性射线可透过区域、蛋白质染色阳性以及釉质外层显微硬度降低。这些结果与在其他物种中观察到的氟斑牙病变相似，并解释了在野外条件下观察到的氟斑牛牙的外观。
