Walker R D, Kivlahan D R
Subst Alcohol Actions Misuse. 1984;5(1):9-19.
This paper presents a critical discussion of the definitions, conceptual models, and methodological issues that researchers should consider in studies of sociocultural influences on drinking practices and problems. In particular, these concerns are related to studies of American Indian and Alaskan Native people. In an effort to avoid overgeneralized explanatory statements, it is recommended that efforts be made to study more specific aspects of such loosely defined terms as culture, alcoholism, and "Indianness." Research in this area might usefully be guided by parsimonious conceptual models developed and investigated in the dominant culture; however the extent to which relationships observed within one group generalized to another group remains an empirical question. While there may be a common set of operationalizing variables and collecting valid data cannot be assumed to have equal applicability with different subgroups. By remaining sensitive to the methodological implications of sociocultural differences, investigators can more accurately clarify the processes by which complex biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors influence alcohol use and misuse in any individual or group.
本文对研究社会文化对饮酒行为及问题影响时，研究人员应考虑的定义、概念模型和方法学问题进行了批判性讨论。尤其这些关注点与美国印第安人和阿拉斯加原住民的研究相关。为避免过度概括性的解释性陈述，建议努力研究诸如文化、酗酒和“印第安特质”等定义松散的术语的更具体方面。该领域的研究可能会受到在主流文化中开发和研究的简约概念模型的有益指导；然而，在一个群体中观察到的关系在多大程度上能推广到另一个群体仍是一个实证问题。虽然可能存在一组共同的操作变量，但不能假定收集有效数据对不同亚群体具有同等适用性。通过对社会文化差异的方法学影响保持敏感，研究人员可以更准确地阐明复杂的生物、心理和社会文化因素影响任何个体或群体饮酒和酗酒行为的过程。
