Schepens C L, Avila M P, Jalkh A E, Trempe C L
Surv Ophthalmol. 1984 May;28 Suppl:499-504. doi: 10.1016/0039-6257(84)90232-7.
Eyes suffering from various conditions, such as aphakia, diabetic retinopathy, peripheral uveitis, branch vein occlusion, or retinitis pigmentosa, are predisposed to vitreous detachment. When vitreous detachment occurs, the vitreous can remain attached to the macula due to a firm vitreomacular adhesion. This partial posterior vitreous detachment associated with continuous vitreous traction to the macular area can lead to the development of cystoid macular edema. Two types of vitreous traction have been observed: traction with narrow vitreous strand and traction with broad vitreoretinal adhesion. It has been postulated that the posterior vitreous can cause cystoid macular edema by vitreous contraction without vitreous detachment, producing tractional forces at sites of firm vitreoretinal adhesions that are located at the optic disc and macula. Cystoid macular edema is often accompanied by leakage from dilated retinal capillaries at the optic disc.
患有各种病症的眼睛，如无晶状体、糖尿病性视网膜病变、周边葡萄膜炎、视网膜分支静脉阻塞或色素性视网膜炎，易发生玻璃体脱离。当发生玻璃体脱离时，由于牢固的玻璃体黄斑粘连，玻璃体可能仍附着于黄斑。这种与持续向黄斑区的玻璃体牵引相关的部分性玻璃体后脱离可导致黄斑囊样水肿的发生。已观察到两种类型的玻璃体牵引：窄玻璃体条索牵引和宽玻璃体视网膜粘连牵引。据推测，玻璃体后脱离可通过玻璃体收缩在无玻璃体脱离的情况下导致黄斑囊样水肿，在位于视盘和黄斑的牢固玻璃体视网膜粘连部位产生牵拉力。黄斑囊样水肿常伴有视盘处扩张的视网膜毛细血管渗漏。
