Hassanali J, Mwaniki D
Anat Rec. 1984 Jun;209(2):273-80. doi: 10.1002/ar.1092090213.
One hundred twenty-five dry skulls from Kenya that consisted of about 90% Bantu individuals were examined to obtain data on the gross anatomy of the hard palate. The palatine index showed that 43.2% of the total sample of skulls has narrow (leptostaphyline), 23.7% intermediate (mesostaphyline), and 33.1% wide (brachystaphyline) palates. The palatine height index showed that 40% skulls had low (chamestaphyline), 57% intermediate (orthostaphyline), and 3.0% deep (hypsistaphyline) palates. Mean palatal length, breadth, and height for the total sample was 4.92 cm, 4.02 cm, and 1.22 cm, respectively. The incisive foramen and canal was cone shaped in 80% where the diameter of the foramen was less than 0.4 cm, while it was cylindrical in 20% where the diameter was greater than 0.4 cm. Forty-nine per cent of the skulls had two-five lesser palatine foramina present. The greater palatine foramen was found to lie at the level of the third molar in 76%, intermediate between second and third molars in 13.6%, and opposite the second molar in 10.4%. The greater palatine foramen opened antero-medially in 74% and perpendicularly in 26% of the palates. Extensive longitudinal palatal grooves were found bilaterally in all the palates, 70% showed divisions of the grooves, 63.2% had crests along the border of the grooves, and 19.2% had bridges in the posterior part of the groove near the opening of the greater palatine foramen. The incidence of palatine torus was 4.8%. The incisive suture was present in 6.4% of the adult palates.
对来自肯尼亚的125个干燥头骨进行了检查，这些头骨约90%为班图人个体，目的是获取有关硬腭大体解剖的数据。腭指数显示，头骨总样本中43.2%的腭狭窄（细腭型），23.7%为中等（中腭型），33.1%的腭宽（宽腭型）。腭高度指数显示，40%的头骨腭低（矮腭型），57%为中等（正腭型），3.0%的腭深（高腭型）。整个样本的平均腭长、宽和高分别为4.92厘米、4.02厘米和1.22厘米。80%的切牙孔和切牙管呈锥形，孔的直径小于0.4厘米，而20%呈圆柱形，直径大于0.4厘米。49%的头骨有2至5个较小的腭孔。发现76%的腭大孔位于第三磨牙水平，13.6%位于第二和第三磨牙之间，10.4%与第二磨牙相对。74%的腭大孔向前内侧开口，26%垂直开口。在所有腭中均双侧发现广泛的纵向腭沟，70%的腭沟有分支，63.2%的腭沟边缘有嵴，19.2%的腭沟在靠近腭大孔开口的后部有桥。腭隆凸的发生率为4.8%。6.4%的成年腭有切牙缝。
