Kalia S, Tintinalli J E
Ann Emerg Med. 1984 Sep;13(9 Pt 1):723-30. doi: 10.1016/s0196-0644(84)80736-2.
The oncology patient can experience medical or surgical emergencies as a result of effects of the primary tumor, metastases, or systemic effects of the disease. Emergencies unrelated to the primary oncologic diagnosis, such as acute myocardial infarction, drug overdose, or gastrointestinal hemorrhage, also may occur. For this reason routine emergency protocols and diagnostic procedures should be followed in the treatment of oncology patients. We review the major oncologic-related emergencies, including central nervous system and spinal cord compression, airway obstruction, cardiac tamponade, gastrointestinal obstruction, adrenal insufficiency and hypercalcemia, sepsis, and coagulopathies. Medical and surgical emergencies in the oncology patient should be treated aggressively in the emergency department because a determination about the quality of life of the patient, or the reversibility of the acute process, often cannot be answered quickly in the emergency setting.
肿瘤患者可能会因原发性肿瘤、转移瘤或疾病的全身影响而经历医疗或外科急症。与原发性肿瘤诊断无关的急症，如急性心肌梗死、药物过量或胃肠道出血，也可能发生。因此，在肿瘤患者的治疗中应遵循常规的急救方案和诊断程序。我们回顾了主要的肿瘤相关急症，包括中枢神经系统和脊髓压迫、气道梗阻、心脏压塞、胃肠道梗阻、肾上腺功能不全和高钙血症、败血症和凝血障碍。肿瘤患者的医疗和外科急症应在急诊科积极治疗，因为在急诊环境中通常无法迅速确定患者的生活质量或急性病程的可逆性。
