Dixen J M, Maddever H, Van Maasdam J, Edwards P W
Arch Sex Behav. 1984 Jun;13(3):269-76. doi: 10.1007/BF01541653.
Social, sexual, economic, familial, and psychological characteristics of 764 applicants for surgical gender reassignment, 479 males and 285 females, who completed the application questionnaire and were subsequently interviewed by the Gender Dysphoria Program in Palo Alto, California, are examined. All information except diagnosis was obtained from the applicants' responses to a standardized 100-item questionnaire. Diagnosis was determined by a psychiatrist after a 1 1/2-hour interview. A comparison of male applicants to female applicants indicated differences in five areas: (1) sexual history; (2) acting-out behavior or sociopathy; (3) work history; (4) strategies for physically passing in the desired gender, e.g., hormone therapy; and (5) diagnosis. Females had experienced more stable same-sex sexual relationships and fewer opposite-sex sexual relationships than the males had experienced. The females exhibited less acting-out behavior, indicated by few criminal convictions and little involvement in prostitution, compared to the male applicants. Twice as many males as females were unemployed and receiving welfare at the time of application. In addition, males used cosmetic surgery and hormone therapy more frequently to facilitate physically passing in the desired gender than did the females. The most frequent diagnosis for males was transvestitism, while for the females it was classic transsexualism.
对764名申请外科性别重置的人员（479名男性和285名女性）的社会、性、经济、家庭和心理特征进行了研究，这些人员完成了申请问卷，并随后接受了加利福尼亚州帕洛阿尔托性别焦虑症项目的访谈。除诊断信息外，所有信息均来自申请人对一份标准化的100项问卷的回答。诊断由一名精神科医生在进行了1个半小时的访谈后确定。男性申请人与女性申请人的比较表明，在五个方面存在差异：（1）性史；（2）冲动行为或反社会人格；（3）工作经历；（4）以期望的性别外貌呈现的策略，例如激素治疗；（5）诊断。与男性相比，女性经历的同性性关系更稳定，异性性关系更少。与男性申请人相比，女性表现出的冲动行为更少，这体现在刑事定罪较少且涉足卖淫活动较少。申请时，失业并领取福利的男性人数是女性的两倍。此外，男性比女性更频繁地使用整容手术和激素治疗来促进以期望的性别外貌呈现。男性最常见的诊断是异装癖，而女性则是典型的易性症。
