Levine S B, Lothstein L
J Sex Marital Ther. 1981 Summer;7(2):85-113. doi: 10.1080/00926238108406096.
Professional, patient and media forces tend to oversimplify the complexity of the gender dysphoria syndrome. Because sex reassignment surgery may be helpful to some patients with the syndrome and harmful to others, mental health professionals need to competently perform differential diagnoses of both the gender disorder and the associated psychopathologies. This frequently involves distinctions between subtle forms of psychosis, character pathologies of varying severity, and major developmental problems. Surgery should not be considered the only, or the best, treatment for the syndrome. Contrary to popular belief, psychotherapy can help many patients, especially those with secondary gender dysphoria.
专业人士、患者及媒体力量往往会过度简化性别焦虑症候群的复杂性。由于性别重置手术对部分患有该症候群的患者可能有益，而对另一些患者则有害，心理健康专业人员需要熟练地对性别障碍及相关精神病理学进行鉴别诊断。这常常涉及到对细微形式的精神病、不同严重程度的性格病理学以及主要发育问题之间的区分。手术不应被视为该症候群的唯一或最佳治疗方法。与普遍看法相反，心理治疗可以帮助许多患者，尤其是那些患有继发性性别焦虑症的患者。
