Matsumoto J, Ishikawa T, Masahito P, Takayama S, Taylor J D, Tchen T T
Differentiation. 1984;27(1):36-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-0436.1984.tb01405.x.
Cells of the uncloned goldfish erythrophoroma lines, GEM-81 and GEM-218, have been induced to melanize by cultivation in autologous serum. The melanized cells continue to proliferate and exhibit clonal heterogeneity in terms of morphology, growth rates, contact behavior and pigment content, and distribution and translocation in response to hormones. Based on these characteristics and those of their normal counterparts, the melanized tumor cells have been categorized as type-I and type-II melanocytomas, and melanophoromas. The melanophoroma cells are capable of pigment translocation in response to epinephrine, melatonin, and/or MSH, whereas melanocytoma cells are not. The distinguishing characteristics of each type are apparent at the first appearance of melanized cells and appear to be stable except in some type-II melanocytoma clones which contain cells capable of differentiating into melanophoroma cells in long-term cultures. It appears that the parent erythrophoroma lines contain stem cells, melanoblastomas, which are capable of melanogenesis. These stem cells may themselves be a heterogeneous population with respect to the characteristics of the melanized cells to which they give rise.
未克隆的金鱼红瘤细胞系GEM - 81和GEM - 218的细胞，通过在自体血清中培养已被诱导黑化。黑化的细胞继续增殖，并在形态、生长速率、接触行为、色素含量以及对激素的反应中色素分布和转运方面表现出克隆异质性。基于这些特征及其正常对应细胞的特征，黑化的肿瘤细胞已被分类为I型和II型黑素细胞瘤以及黑素瘤。黑素瘤细胞能够响应肾上腺素、褪黑素和/或促黑素进行色素转运，而黑素细胞瘤细胞则不能。每种类型的显著特征在黑化细胞首次出现时就很明显，并且似乎是稳定的，除了一些II型黑素细胞瘤克隆，其中包含在长期培养中能够分化为黑素瘤细胞的细胞。看来亲本红瘤细胞系包含能够进行黑素生成的干细胞，即成黑素细胞瘤。这些干细胞就其产生的黑化细胞的特征而言本身可能是一个异质群体。
