Levitt P, Rakic P, Goldman-Rakic P
J Comp Neurol. 1984 Jul 20;227(1):23-36. doi: 10.1002/cne.902270105.
The density, laminar distribution, spatial orientation, and intrahemispheric pathways of norepinephrine (NE)- and dopamine (DA)- containing axons were analyzed in a wide range of cytoarchitectonically distinct areas of cerebral cortex in the adult rhesus monkey by fluorescence histochemistry. Although the boundaries between most areas were rarely sharp, there were marked regional differences in density and distribution of monoamine afferents in different cortical regions. Fibers exhibiting typical DA-like morphology were found only in the temporal and frontal lobes including motor and premotor areas as well as anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortices. In contrast, NE-containing axons were present in all cerebral lobes, with notably high density in the somatosensory area and low numbers in primary visual cortex. Intracerebral distribution was characterized by a network of large preterminal axons coursing both anteroposteriorly and mediolaterally in layer VI and in the subjacent white matter. In most cytoarchitectonic regions examined, catecholamine (CA)-containing axons exhibited a bilaminar distribution into one superficial and one deep fiber band. The location and width of the two dense bands, as well as the orientation and relative density of fibers within them, was region specific. Although fluorescent axons were found at all cortical depths, layers I, and IV usually contained relatively few fluorescent axons while layers II-III and IV-V were often densely innervated. An observation that may reflect a specialization in gyrencephalic brains is the particularly dense CA innervation around sulcal invaginations in all cerebral lobes. The present results confirm previous biochemical evidence of regional heterogeneity in the concentration of DA and NE in the primate neocortex (Brown and Goldman, '77:Brain Res. 124:576-550) an provide the first anatomical demonstration of corresponding differences in the pattern and density of CA innervation in diverse cytoarchitectonic areas in rhesus monkey. These findings raise the possibility of selective targets and functions for CA fibers in different layers and regions of the primate cortex.
通过荧光组织化学方法，对成年恒河猴大脑皮层广泛的细胞构筑不同区域中含去甲肾上腺素（NE）和多巴胺（DA）的轴突的密度、分层分布、空间取向和半球内通路进行了分析。尽管大多数区域之间的边界很少清晰，但不同皮质区域中单胺传入纤维的密度和分布存在明显的区域差异。仅在颞叶和额叶（包括运动和运动前区以及前扣带回和前额叶皮层）发现了呈现典型DA样形态的纤维。相比之下，含NE的轴突存在于所有脑叶中，在体感区密度显著高，而在初级视觉皮层中数量较少。脑内分布的特征是在VI层和相邻白质中前后和内外侧走行的大型终末前轴突网络。在所检查的大多数细胞构筑区域中，含儿茶酚胺（CA）的轴突呈现出双层分布，形成一个浅层和一个深层纤维带。两条致密带的位置和宽度，以及其中纤维的取向和相对密度，都是区域特异性的。尽管在所有皮质深度都发现了荧光轴突，但I层和IV层通常含相对较少的荧光轴突，而II - III层和IV - V层常常有密集的神经支配。一个可能反映脑回脑专业化的观察结果是，所有脑叶沟回凹陷周围的CA神经支配特别密集。本研究结果证实了先前关于灵长类新皮层中DA和NE浓度区域异质性的生化证据（Brown和Goldman，'77：Brain Res. 124：576 - 550），并首次提供了恒河猴不同细胞构筑区域中CA神经支配模式和密度相应差异的解剖学证明。这些发现增加了灵长类皮层不同层和区域中CA纤维有选择性靶点和功能的可能性。
