Koslov M M, Markin V S
J Theor Biol. 1984 Jul 7;109(1):17-39. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5193(84)80108-3.
Osmotic lysis of vesicles is shown to begin when the membrane expansion due to osmotic pressure exceeds its critical value, delta S, at which a membrane ruptures to form a pore. The dependence of delta S on the vesicle radius and respective osmotic pressures are obtained. It is found that osmotic pressure necessary for small (100 A) vesicles to rupture should exceed 30 atm, for large (10 000 A) vesicles it being as small as 10(-3) atm. In the case of large (greater than or approximately 1000 A) vesicles the value of relative expansion of the membrane at which its rupture occurs in a reasonable time only depends slightly on the vesicle radius. For instance, for 10 000 A vesicles it amounts to 3%. The tension of membrane rupture is about 8 dyn/cm for large vesicles. Membrane tension, although it decreases considerably as a result of rupture and pore formation, does not vanish completely. It supports the residual intravesicular pressure causing the efflux of vesicle (cell) contents. Simultaneously, osmotic influx of water through the membrane occurs that results in either complete rupture of the membrane with the efflux of the whole of the contents, or its gradual washout in either of two, quasi-steady or pulse-wise regimes. In the first case a pore is steadily open, whereas in the second case it alternately opens and closes, ejecting about 5% of internal solution each time. Lysis kinetics is analyzed. Pulse-wise regime of lysis is shown to be the most likely one.
当由于渗透压导致的膜膨胀超过其临界值δS时，囊泡的渗透性裂解开始，此时膜破裂形成一个孔。得到了δS对囊泡半径和相应渗透压的依赖性。发现小（100 Å）囊泡破裂所需的渗透压应超过30 atm，而大（10000 Å）囊泡的渗透压则低至10⁻³ atm。对于大（大于或约为1000 Å）囊泡，膜在合理时间内发生破裂时的相对膨胀值仅略微依赖于囊泡半径。例如，对于10000 Å的囊泡，该值为3%。大囊泡的膜破裂张力约为8 dyn/cm。膜张力虽然由于破裂和孔形成而大幅降低，但并未完全消失。它支撑着导致囊泡（细胞）内容物流出的残余囊内压力。同时，水通过膜的渗透流入发生，这导致膜要么完全破裂并流出全部内容物，要么在准稳态或脉冲式两种模式中的任何一种下逐渐被冲洗掉。在第一种情况下，孔稳定打开，而在第二种情况下，它交替打开和关闭，每次排出约5%的内部溶液。分析了裂解动力学。结果表明，脉冲式裂解模式是最有可能的。
