Kotelchuck M, Schwartz J B, Anderka M T, Finison K S
Am J Public Health. 1984 Oct;74(10):1086-92. doi: 10.2105/ajph.74.10.1086.
The effects of WIC prenatal participation were examined using data from the Massachusetts Birth and Death Registry. The birth outcomes of 4,126 pregnant women who participated in the WIC program and gave birth in 1978 were compared to those of 4,126 women individually matched on maternal age, race, parity, education, and marital status who did not participate in WIC. WIC prenatal participants are at greater demographic risk for poor pregnancy outcomes compare to all women in the same community. WIC participation is associated with improved pregnancy outcomes, including, a decrease in low birthweight (LBW) incidence (6.9 per cent vs 8.7 per cent) and neonatal mortality (12 vs 35 deaths), an increase in gestational age (40.0 vs 39.7 weeks), and a reduction in inadequate prenatal care (3.8 per cent vs 7.0 per cent). Stratification by demographic subpopulations indicates that subpopulations at higher risk (teenage, unmarried, and Hispanic origin women) have more enhanced pregnancy outcomes associated with WIC participation. Stratification by duration of participation indicates that increased participation is associated with enhanced pregnancy outcomes. While these findings suggest that birth outcome differences are a function of WIC participation, other factors which might distinguish between the two groups could also serve as the basis for alternative explanations.
利用马萨诸塞州出生与死亡登记处的数据，对妇女、婴儿与儿童营养补充计划（WIC）产前参与情况的影响进行了研究。将1978年参与WIC计划并分娩的4126名孕妇的分娩结局，与4126名在母亲年龄、种族、胎次、教育程度和婚姻状况方面与之个体匹配但未参与WIC计划的妇女的分娩结局进行了比较。与同一社区的所有妇女相比，参与WIC产前计划的妇女出现不良妊娠结局的人口统计学风险更高。参与WIC计划与改善妊娠结局相关，包括低出生体重（LBW）发生率降低（6.9%对8.7%）和新生儿死亡率降低（12例死亡对35例死亡）、孕周增加（40.0周对39.7周）以及产前护理不足情况减少（3.8%对7.0%）。按人口亚群分层显示，风险较高的亚群（青少年、未婚和西班牙裔妇女）因参与WIC计划而使妊娠结局改善更为明显。按参与时长分层显示，参与度增加与妊娠结局改善相关。虽然这些研究结果表明分娩结局差异是参与WIC计划的结果，但两组之间可能存在差异的其他因素也可能成为其他解释的依据。
