Edozien J C, Switzer B R, Bryan R B
Am J Clin Nutr. 1979 Mar;32(3):677-92. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/32.3.677.
The special supplemental food program for women, infants, and children administered by the United States Department of Agriculture, was evaluated nationally. Participating infants, children under 4 years old, and pregnant and nursing women were investigated initially, and after receiving food supplements. The supplements were iron-fortified infant formula, iron-fortified infant cereals, and fruit juices for the infants, and milk, cheese, iron-fortified cereals, eggs, and fruit juices for the children and women. Initially, the average birth weight was lower and the infant mortality rate was higher than expected in a well nourished population. There was also evidence of slight growth retardation, a high anemia rate, and a high percentage of participants having saturation of transferrin values less 15%. The program had no effect on the prevalence of unsatisfactory values for saturation of transferrin. There was an increase in weight gain during pregnancy, and increase in birth weight, an acceleration of growth, and a reduction in the anemia rate in all participant categories except women in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy.
美国农业部实施的妇女、婴儿和儿童特别补充食品计划在全国范围内进行了评估。对参与计划的婴儿、4岁以下儿童以及孕妇和哺乳期妇女在接受食品补充剂之前和之后进行了调查。补充剂包括铁强化婴儿配方奶粉、铁强化婴儿谷物食品以及婴儿的果汁，儿童和妇女的牛奶、奶酪、铁强化谷物食品、鸡蛋和果汁。最初，平均出生体重低于预期，婴儿死亡率高于营养良好人群的预期。还有证据表明存在轻微的生长发育迟缓、贫血率高以及转铁蛋白饱和度值低于15%的参与者比例高。该计划对转铁蛋白饱和度不满意值的患病率没有影响。除怀孕头三个月和第二个三个月的妇女外，所有参与类别在怀孕期间体重增加、出生体重增加、生长加速以及贫血率降低。
