Burrows G E, Tyler R D, Craigmill A L, Barto P B
Am J Vet Res. 1984 Aug;45(8):1586-91.
Pharmacokinetic values and possible toxic effects of chloramphenicol on bone marrow and hematologic and serum chemical values were determined in newborn calves given the drug (IV) once a week or in repeated doses, 12 hours between doses. The rates of elimination for chloramphenicol and antipyrine also were compared. Chloramphenicol also was administered to older calves by IM and subcutaneous routes, with an apparent bioavailability of 50% to 60%. The elimination half-lives for both chloramphenicol and antipyrine were markedly increased in the newborn calf for at least the first 3 to 4 weeks of life. Despite the high and prolonged serum chloramphenicol concentrations in these calves, there was little or no indication of toxic effects. Bone marrow aspirates did not reveal any signs of intoxication such as cytoplasmic or nuclear vacuolation. Marrow cellularity was not recognizably different from the control group.
对新生犊牛静脉注射氯霉素，每周一次或重复给药，给药间隔12小时，测定了氯霉素的药代动力学值及其对骨髓、血液学和血清化学值可能产生的毒性作用。同时比较了氯霉素和安替比林的消除速率。还通过肌肉注射和皮下注射途径给年龄较大的犊牛使用氯霉素，其表观生物利用度为50%至60%。在新生犊牛出生后的至少前3至4周内，氯霉素和安替比林的消除半衰期均显著延长。尽管这些犊牛血清中氯霉素浓度高且持续时间长，但几乎没有或没有毒性作用的迹象。骨髓穿刺未发现任何中毒迹象，如细胞质或细胞核空泡化。骨髓细胞密度与对照组相比无明显差异。
