Blackmon D M, Neathery M W, Miller W J, Brown S R, Crowell W A, McGuire S O, Gentry R P
Am J Vet Res. 1984 Aug;45(8):1638-40.
A severe total body chloride deficit was induced in Holstein calves by feeding a low-chloride ration (0.063% Cl) and removing digesta daily from the abomasum through a surgically implanted cannula. Clinical signs of the deficit observed included polydipsia, polyuria, dehydration, anorexia, scleral injection, decreased respiratory rate, and blood and mucus in the feces. Necropsy findings included dehydration, blood in the lumen of the small intestine, and renal lesions. The most extensive histopathologic changes occurred in the renal tubular epithelium of the outer medulla where mineralization of the tubular epithelium and basement membranes was frequently seen.
通过给荷斯坦犊牛喂食低氯日粮（0.063%氯）并每天通过手术植入的套管从皱胃中清除消化物，诱导其出现严重的全身氯缺乏。观察到的缺乏症临床症状包括多饮、多尿、脱水、厌食、巩膜充血、呼吸频率降低以及粪便中有血液和黏液。尸检结果包括脱水、小肠腔内有血液以及肾脏病变。最广泛的组织病理学变化发生在外髓质的肾小管上皮，在那里经常可以看到肾小管上皮和基底膜的矿化。
