MacArthur A
Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 1978 Feb;3(1):71-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2273.1978.tb00669.x.
The nature of tumours lying in the superior mediastinum can frequently be decided by the radiologist using a range of techniques varying in sophistication from the plain chest radiograph to transvenous biopsy. Histolocical proof of such lesions usually requires surgical exploration and of the methods available it is believed that mediastinotomy is the safest and most rewarding in terms of positive results. Radical excision of tumours and management of tracheal lesions require the greater surgical access afforded by thoracotomy, median sternotomy and the sternal resection of Grillo.
位于上纵隔的肿瘤性质通常可由放射科医生通过一系列技术来判定，这些技术的复杂程度各异，从普通胸部X光片到经静脉活检不等。此类病变的组织学证据通常需要手术探查，就现有方法而言，人们认为纵隔切开术在取得阳性结果方面是最安全且最有成效的。肿瘤的根治性切除及气管病变的处理需要通过开胸术、正中胸骨切开术以及格里洛的胸骨切除术提供的更大手术通路。
