Perceptual integration of the murmur and formant transitions for place of articulation in nasal consonants.

This study reassessed the role of the nasal murmur and formant transitions as perceptual cues for place of articulation in nasal consonants across a number of vowel environments. Five types of computer-edited stimuli were generated from natural utterances consisting of [m n] followed by [i e a o u]: (1) full murmurs; (2) transitions plus vowel segments; (3) the last six pulses of the murmur; (4) the six pulses starting from the beginning of the formant transitions; and (5) the six pulses surrounding the nasal release (three pulses before and three pulses after). Results showed that the murmur provided as much information for the perception of place of articulation as did the transitions. Moreover, the highest performance scores for place of articulation were obtained in the six-pulse condition containing both murmur and transition information. The data support the view that it is the combination of nasal murmur plus formant transitions which forms an integrated property for the perception of place of articulation.