Velasco M, Velasco F, Castañeda R, Lee M
Neuropharmacology. 1984 Aug;23(8):931-8. doi: 10.1016/0028-3908(84)90007-8.
The effect of fentanyl (opioid agonist) and naloxone (morphine antagonist) on the amplitude, area and latency of the P300 auditory potential was studied in patients undergoing minor surgical procedures. Fentanyl (5.0 micrograms/kg), naloxone (3.0 micrograms/kg) and isotonic saline (for control) were injected intravenously through a catheter just before surgery, and following a single-blind procedure and three different pharmacological paradigms with three consecutive conditions each: (1) initial baseline (C), saline (S) and late baseline (C'); (2) C, fentanyl (F) and C'; (3) C, naloxone (N) and C'. Fentanyl significantly reduced the amplitude and area with no changes in the latency of small (S) and large (L) P300 potentials. Concomitantly, fentanyl increased the number of omitted counts of the target tones of the "odd ball" P300 test and the spatial threshold of the two point discrimination test in patients with small and large P300 potentials. Naloxone significantly increased the amplitude and area and decreased the latency of the small P300 potential and decreased the amplitude and area with no changes in latency of the large P300 potentials. Concomitantly, naloxone decreased the number of omitted counts of the patients with small but not large P300 potentials and decreased the spatial threshold in patients with both small and large P300 potentials. Neither fentanyl nor naloxone produced systematic changes in the evaluation of pain and hearing of patients with small and large P300 potentials. Although dramatic changes in pulse, blood pressure, respiration and EEG were found in some cases immediately after the administration of fentanyl and naloxone, these changes were not consistent and were not present at the time other tests were performed.
在接受小型外科手术的患者中，研究了芬太尼（阿片类激动剂）和纳洛酮（吗啡拮抗剂）对P300听觉诱发电位的波幅、面积和潜伏期的影响。在手术即将开始前，通过导管静脉注射芬太尼（5.0微克/千克）、纳洛酮（3.0微克/千克）和等渗盐水（作为对照），按照单盲程序和三种不同的药理学模式，每种模式包含三个连续条件：(1)初始基线（C）、盐水（S）和后期基线（C'）；(2)C、芬太尼（F）和C'；(3)C、纳洛酮（N）和C'。芬太尼显著降低了小（S）和大（L）P300电位的波幅和面积，潜伏期无变化。同时，芬太尼增加了小和大P300电位患者“odd ball”P300测试中目标音调的遗漏计数数量以及两点辨别测试的空间阈值。纳洛酮显著增加了小P300电位的波幅和面积，并缩短了潜伏期，而大P300电位的波幅和面积降低，但潜伏期无变化。同时，纳洛酮减少了小P300电位患者（而非大P300电位患者）的遗漏计数数量，并降低了小和大P300电位患者的空间阈值。芬太尼和纳洛酮均未对小和大P300电位患者的疼痛和听力评估产生系统性变化。尽管在注射芬太尼和纳洛酮后，某些情况下立即出现了脉搏、血压、呼吸和脑电图的显著变化，但这些变化并不一致，且在进行其他测试时并未出现。
