Saup W
Z Gerontol. 1984 Jul-Aug;17(4):198-204.
This report includes the theoretical approach and some empirical findings of a study in which the relocation of elderly persons to old-age institutions is interpreted from the perspective of environmental psychology and life-event research. It is hypothesized that the psychological effects of relocation are a result of the confrontation with stressful environmental features of the institution, the subjective appraisal of the situation, and the coping strategies of the individual. 13 different coping strategies of the elderly residents were differentiated by content analysis of interviews. Bivariate relations were analyzed between coping strategies and the following variables: stressful institutional environment, perceived stress, beliefs about personal control, and depression. From the psychological point of view, especially those findings seem to be important that show coping strategies implying a renunciation of personal control correlates with greater perceived stress. In institutions with greater autonomy, residents show more problem-focused coping behavior in stress situations, whereas in institutions with reduced autonomy residents seem to prefer cognitive coping strategies.
本报告包括一项研究的理论方法和一些实证研究结果，该研究从环境心理学和生活事件研究的角度对老年人入住养老机构进行了解释。研究假设，搬迁的心理影响是由于与机构压力环境特征的对抗、对情况的主观评估以及个体的应对策略所致。通过对访谈的内容分析，区分出老年居民的13种不同应对策略。分析了应对策略与以下变量之间的双变量关系：压力机构环境、感知压力、个人控制信念和抑郁。从心理学角度来看，特别重要的是那些表明意味着放弃个人控制的应对策略与更大的感知压力相关的研究结果。在自主性较高的机构中，居民在压力情境中表现出更多以问题为中心的应对行为，而在自主性较低的机构中，居民似乎更喜欢认知应对策略。
