Traccis S, Abel L A, Dell'Osso L F
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1984 Aug;55(8):735-9.
The eye movements elicited by auditory stimuli--the audio-ocular response (AOR)--differ from those made in response to a visual target. The movements consist of both monosaccadic and multiple saccadic refixations (MSR). In visual refixation, monosaccadic refixations are always accurate; in AOR, they rarely are. In MSR, many strategies were used in the attempt to find the target but they were not always successful. However, final amplitudes of the total refixation were quite accurate in both MSR and monosaccadic refixations. Velocity profiles of the AOR showed such anomalies as discrete decelerations and multiple, closely-spaced saccades. These data suggest that, without visual feedback, the location of acoustic targets is difficult. In the absence of visual afference, when vigilance may be decreased by the lack of arousal, the velocity profiles also became abnormal, even at small amplitudes. Thus, for cockpit warning devices, a combination of auditory and visual indicators should be used.
由听觉刺激引发的眼球运动——听觉-眼动反应（AOR）——不同于对视觉目标做出的眼球运动。这些运动包括单跳视和多次跳视重新注视（MSR）。在视觉重新注视中，单跳视总是准确的；在听觉-眼动反应中，它们很少准确。在多次跳视重新注视中，人们使用了许多策略来试图找到目标，但并不总是成功。然而，在多次跳视重新注视和单跳视重新注视中，总重新注视的最终幅度都相当准确。听觉-眼动反应的速度曲线显示出离散减速和多个紧密间隔的扫视等异常情况。这些数据表明，在没有视觉反馈的情况下，声学目标的定位很困难。在没有视觉传入的情况下，当由于缺乏唤醒而导致警觉性可能降低时，即使在小幅度情况下，速度曲线也会变得异常。因此，对于驾驶舱警告装置，应使用听觉和视觉指示器的组合。
