Segreto-Bures J, Kotses H
Biofeedback Self Regul. 1984 Mar;9(1):25-36. doi: 10.1007/BF00998843.
Various types of noncontingent feedback have been used as control procedures in EMG training; however, their effects on such training have received little attention. Experiment 1 in the present study examined the effects of noncontingent feedback on EMG training, and Experiment 2 assessed the effects of feedback characteristics on EMG responses. In Experiment 1, three noncontingent feedback groups (yoked control, randomly fluctuating tones, and decreasing tones) and one contingent group underwent 20 minutes of training for frontal EMG decreases. Procedures in Experiment 2 were identical to those in Experiment 1 except that subjects were instructed merely to listen to the feedback tones. Results of Experiment 1 indicated that contingent and noncontingent fluctuating feedback groups achieved significantly lower EMG levels than noncontingent decreasing and yoked control groups. In Experiment 2, however, no differences in EMG activity were found among groups. In both experiments, groups did not differ in terms of subjective variables such as frustration, suspiciousness about the tone, or length of time attending to the tone. Results of these two experiments suggest that differences in EMG responses to various types of noncontingent feedback result from interactions between characteristics of the feedback stimulus and instructions to decrease the stimulus.
各种类型的非偶然性反馈已被用作肌电图训练中的控制程序；然而，它们对这种训练的影响却很少受到关注。本研究的实验1考察了非偶然性反馈对肌电图训练的影响，实验2评估了反馈特征对肌电图反应的影响。在实验1中，三个非偶然性反馈组（匹配控制组、随机波动音调组和递减音调组）和一个偶然性反馈组接受了20分钟的额肌肌电图降低训练。实验2的程序与实验1相同，只是指示受试者仅仅聆听反馈音调。实验1的结果表明，偶然性反馈组和非偶然性波动反馈组的肌电图水平显著低于非偶然性递减反馈组和匹配控制组。然而，在实验2中，各小组之间未发现肌电图活动存在差异。在两个实验中，各小组在诸如挫折感、对音调的怀疑或聆听音调的时长等主观变量方面并无差异。这两个实验的结果表明，对各种类型非偶然性反馈的肌电图反应差异源于反馈刺激特征与降低刺激的指令之间的相互作用。
