Carlson J G, Feld J L
J Behav Med. 1978 Dec;1(4):427-36. doi: 10.1007/BF00846698.
Male college students were assigned to a feedback condition in which an auditory signal was correlated with forehead electromyographic (EMG) responses or to a control condition in which a constant low tone was provided. Within each condition, half of the subjects were provided with an incentive for successful reductions of EMG levels from session to session. In the control condition incentives were actually given on the basis of performance of yoked feedback partners. The remaining subjects in each condition (no incentive) were instructed that the incentive was available for reliable participation in the experiment. Feedback subjects acquired lower EMG levels than control subjects, and the yoked-incentive subjects acquired lower levels than no-incentive subjects in the control condition. There were no major differences in EMG levels attributable to locus of control orientation. The results are discussed mainly in terms of implications of incentive variables for reinforcement analyses of biofeedback effects and the validity of the locus of control construct in this application.
男大学生被分配到一种反馈条件下，即听觉信号与前额肌电图（EMG）反应相关联，或者被分配到一种对照条件下，即提供持续的低音调。在每种条件下，一半的受试者会因每次训练中成功降低EMG水平而获得奖励。在对照条件下，奖励实际上是根据配对反馈伙伴的表现给予的。每种条件下的其余受试者（无奖励）被告知，若能可靠地参与实验就可获得奖励。接受反馈的受试者比对照受试者获得了更低的EMG水平，并且在对照条件下，配对奖励受试者比无奖励受试者获得了更低的水平。归因于控制点取向的EMG水平没有重大差异。主要从奖励变量对生物反馈效应强化分析的影响以及控制点结构在此应用中的有效性方面对结果进行了讨论。
