Ewin D M
Geriatrics. 1978 Jun;33(6):87-9.
It is helpful to perceive pain and suffering as separate entities when planning therapy. The physical, anatomic, and electrochemical expression of pain is treated by physical therapy, medicines, nerve block, electric stimulators, and surgery. The suffering component involves the patient's (1) nonacceptance, (2) fear of the unknown, (3) pessimistic evaluation of the meaning of pain, (4) feeling of no time limit to suffering, and (5) often self-destructive feelings of guilt and resentment. These emotions and imaginings are quite amenable to good hypnotherapy. When suffering is removed, pain tends to become tolerable or may even disappear.
在规划治疗方案时，将疼痛和痛苦视为不同的实体是有帮助的。疼痛的物理、解剖学和电化学表现可通过物理治疗、药物、神经阻滞、电刺激器和手术来治疗。痛苦的部分包括患者的（1）不接受，（2）对未知的恐惧，（3）对疼痛意义的悲观评估，（4）感觉痛苦没有时间限制，以及（5）常常有自我毁灭的内疚和怨恨感。这些情绪和想象很适合进行良好的催眠治疗。当痛苦消除后，疼痛往往会变得可以忍受，甚至可能消失。
