Schocken D D
Geriatrics. 1984 Nov;39(11):77-80, 82, 84-6 passim.
Ventricular gallop is a reliable indicator of poor ventricular compliance and heart failure in the elderly. Late diastolic atrial gallop, however, has very little use in the diagnosis of heart disease in the elderly. M-mode and 2-dimensional echocardiography are the most expeditious and least costly of the non-invasive means of identifying the cause of heart failure in the elderly. They enable rapid assessment of cardiac chamber size, wall thickness and contractility, valve morphology and motion, and easy evaluation of the pericardium.
室性奔马律是老年人心室顺应性差和心力衰竭的可靠指标。然而，舒张晚期房性奔马律在老年人心脏病诊断中的作用很小。M型和二维超声心动图是确定老年人心力衰竭病因的最快捷且成本最低的非侵入性方法。它们能够快速评估心腔大小、壁厚度和收缩力、瓣膜形态和运动，并易于评估心包情况。
