Costa P T, McCrae R R
Int J Aging Hum Dev. 1977;8(4):261-75. doi: 10.2190/awyd-qt2l-wvnm-4f98.
Construct validity and longitudinal stability evidence for three cluster dimensions of personality identified as Anxiety, Extraversion, and Openness is examined in a sample of adult males. Correlations with Allport-Vernon-Lindsay Value scales, Cornell Medical Index scores, Eysenck E and N scales, and factors from the SVIB are presented in support of the interpretation of the three clusters. Nine-year longitudinal evidence of stability is presented for Anxiety and Extraversion scores. Previous evidence for change in the structure of Openness to Experience is reconsidered in the light of eleven-year longitudinal data. While the earlier structural differences were not longitudinally replicated, a pattern of external correlates provided evidence for validity of an Openness dimension. Finally, the structural approach to personality development is illustrated by examining the differing relations between field-dependence and tendermindedness in younger and older men.
在成年男性样本中，对确定为焦虑、外向性和开放性的人格三个聚类维度的结构效度和纵向稳定性证据进行了检验。呈现了与奥尔波特 - 弗农 - 林赛价值观量表、康奈尔医学指数得分、艾森克E量表和N量表以及SVIB因素的相关性，以支持对这三个聚类的解释。给出了焦虑和外向性得分九年的纵向稳定性证据。根据十一年的纵向数据重新考虑了先前关于经验开放性结构变化的证据。虽然早期的结构差异没有在纵向得到重复，但外部相关模式为开放性维度的效度提供了证据。最后，通过研究年轻男性和年长男性在场依存性和温柔性之间的不同关系，阐述了人格发展的结构方法。
