Mount M E, Feldman B F
Mod Vet Pract. 1984 Aug;65(8):589-95.
Strychnine toxicosis is characterized by inducible tetanic seizures and metaldehyde poisoning by fine fasciculations progressing to generalized tremors and seizures. Intoxication with 1080 causes seizures, random running movements, vomiting, defecation, urination, acidosis and hyperglycemia. Intoxication with rodenticides causing coagulopathy is characterized by hemorrhage into body cavities but not necessarily external hemorrhage. Anticholinesterase insecticides cause salivation, urination and defecation, while chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides cause CNS disturbances. Ethylene glycol intoxication results in ataxia, depression, coma, vomiting and tachypnea, followed by acute renal failure. Urea poisoning causes bloat and CNS signs in cattle. Monensin intoxication in horses lasts several days and causes stiffness, colic, uneasiness and recumbency. Salt poisoning results in depression, seizures and hypernatremia. Lead poisoning is associated with central and peripheral nervous system signs, as well as increased numbers of nucleated RBC and basophilic stippling of RBC. Arsenic poisoning results in GI pain, diarrhea, weakness and death. Copper toxicosis in sheep is manifested by hemolytic anemia, hemoglobinemia and hemoglobinuria. Plants that may intoxicate domestic animals include sorghum, greasewood, halogeton, water hemlock, Japanese yew, larkspur, lupine, milk-weed, philodendron, oleander, castor bean and precatory bean.
士的宁中毒的特征是诱发性强直性惊厥，而水合氯醛中毒则表现为细微的肌束震颤，进而发展为全身性震颤和惊厥。1080中毒会引发惊厥、无规律的奔跑动作、呕吐、排便、排尿、酸中毒和高血糖。导致凝血障碍的杀鼠剂中毒的特征是体腔出血，但不一定有外部出血。抗胆碱酯酶杀虫剂会引起流涎、排尿和排便，而氯代烃类杀虫剂会导致中枢神经系统紊乱。乙二醇中毒会导致共济失调、抑郁、昏迷、呕吐和呼吸急促，随后发展为急性肾衰竭。尿素中毒会使牛出现腹胀和中枢神经系统症状。马匹的莫能菌素中毒会持续数天，导致僵硬、绞痛、不安和卧地不起。盐中毒会导致抑郁、惊厥和高钠血症。铅中毒与中枢和外周神经系统症状有关，同时还会出现有核红细胞数量增加以及红细胞嗜碱性点彩。砷中毒会导致胃肠道疼痛、腹泻、虚弱和死亡。绵羊的铜中毒表现为溶血性贫血、血红蛋白血症和血红蛋白尿。可能使家畜中毒的植物包括高粱、滨藜、盐生草、水毒芹、日本紫杉、飞燕草、羽扇豆、马利筋、喜林芋、夹竹桃、蓖麻和相思豆。
