Car M
Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 1984 Jun;51(2):141-4.
The effects on Simulium adersi and S. hargreavesi larvae of 2 Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis products, the liquid formulation "Teknar" (Sandoz) and a powder formulation produced by the Ben Gurion University, Israel, were compared in the laboratory and in the Pienaars River. This river was heavily polluted with effluent from a nearby sewage works and contained 77 mg/l chloride. In the laboratory S. adersi and S. hargreavesi larvae showed 26; 48; 95 and 100% mortality 6 hours after a 10-minute application of 0,8; 1,6; 3,2 and 16 ppm "Teknar" in rain water. The powder formulation applied at 0,2; 1,0; 2,0 and 30 ppm resulted in a 7; 17; 35 and 100% mortality. In polluted river-water the mortality was 85% with 16 ppm "Teknar" and 80% with 30 ppm B. thuringiensis powder. In the field trials "Teknar" at 1,6 ppm and B. thuringiensis powder at 3 ppm did not cause any larval mortality at flow rates of 3 060 l/min and 2 040 l/min, respectively. However, 24 hours after application of the powder formulation, numbers of S. hargreavesi decreased significantly (P = 0,05) 20 m below the application point. A further 24 hours later, after "Teknar" had been applied, the numbers of S. adersi decreased and those of Chironomidae increased significantly. There was a significant increase in S. hargreavesi 200 m downstream after treatment with "Teknar".
在实验室和皮耶纳斯河中，比较了2种苏云金芽孢杆菌以色列变种产品对阿迪西蚋和哈格里夫斯蚋幼虫的影响。这两种产品分别是液体制剂“Teknar”（山德士公司）和以色列本古里安大学生产的粉末制剂。这条河受到附近污水处理厂污水的严重污染，氯化物含量为77毫克/升。在实验室中，用0.8、1.6、3.2和16 ppm的“Teknar”在雨水中处理10分钟后，阿迪西蚋和哈格里夫斯蚋幼虫在6小时后的死亡率分别为26%、48%、95%和100%。以0.2、1.0、2.0和30 ppm施用的粉末制剂导致的死亡率分别为7%、17%、35%和100%。在污染的河水中，16 ppm的“Teknar”死亡率为85%，30 ppm的苏云金芽孢杆菌粉末死亡率为80%。在田间试验中，分别以3060升/分钟和2040升/分钟的流速施用时，1.6 ppm的“Teknar”和3 ppm的苏云金芽孢杆菌粉末均未导致幼虫死亡。然而，施用粉末制剂24小时后，在施用点下游20米处，哈格里夫斯蚋的数量显著减少（P = 0.05）。再24小时后，施用“Teknar”后，阿迪西蚋的数量减少，摇蚊科的数量显著增加。用“Teknar”处理后，在下游200米处哈格里夫斯蚋的数量显著增加。
