Rogers W H, Noddin E M
Percept Mot Skills. 1984 Aug;59(1):3-13. doi: 10.2466/pms.1984.59.1.3.
Previous research aimed at quantifying and reducing the decrements encountered in performing manual tasks in cold weather has not described the relationships between task characteristics and cold-induced impairments. The amount of decrement and, often times, the optimal means for reducing the decrement, appear to be task-specific. The research reported here is one in a series of studies formulated to explore those relationships. The strategy is to use tasks from the battery developed by Fleishman (1967) to measure the factorially 'pure' abilities needed to perform all manual tasks. 24 U.S. Marines performed this battery of nine tasks across a range of cold temperatures. To determine if the decrement due to wearing gloves might be less than the decrement due to cold hands as the air temperature decreased, performance on the battery of tasks was measured with and without gloves. Only three of the tasks (abilities) were affected by cold temperatures, and the amount of decrement increased as the air temperature decreased. Three tasks deteriorated due to wearing of gloves, two of those affected by cold and one other. Temperature affected performance independently of the glove effect. Half of the subjects did not complete bare-handed testing at -18 degrees C (approximately 20 min.), indicating this is the lower end of the temperature range in which bare-handed performance for more than a few minutes is practical.
以往旨在量化和减少在寒冷天气中执行体力任务时所遇到的能力下降情况的研究，并未描述任务特征与寒冷诱发的功能损伤之间的关系。能力下降的程度，以及通常用于减少这种下降的最佳方法，似乎因任务而异。此处报告的研究是为探索这些关系而开展的一系列研究之一。其策略是使用弗莱什曼（1967年）编制的测试组中的任务，来测量执行所有体力任务所需的、在因素上“纯粹”的能力。24名美国海军陆战队队员在一系列寒冷温度条件下执行了这组包含九个任务的测试。为了确定随着气温下降，戴手套导致的能力下降是否可能小于手冷导致的能力下降，在戴手套和不戴手套的情况下对这组任务的表现进行了测量。只有三项任务（能力）受到寒冷温度的影响，并且随着气温下降，能力下降的程度增加。三项任务因戴手套而表现变差，其中两项受寒冷影响，另一项不受寒冷影响。温度对表现的影响独立于手套的影响。一半的受试者在-18摄氏度（约20分钟）时未完成徒手测试，这表明这是在几分钟以上时间内实际可行的徒手表现的温度范围下限。
