Shore R E, Albert R E, Reed M, Harley N, Pasternack B S
Radiat Res. 1984 Oct;100(1):192-204.
A series of about 2200 children who received X-ray treatment for ringworm of the scalp (tinea capitis) during the 1940s and 1950s, and a comparable group of 1400 treated without X ray, have been followed by mail questionnaire for an average of 26 years since treatment to tabulate the incidence of skin cancer. The X-ray treatment consisted of 300-380 R to five overlapping fields on the scalp, to cause complete depilation. This delivered doses of 300-600 rad to various portions of the scalp, with lower doses to the skin of the face and neck. In the irradiated group, 41 persons have had one or more basal cell carcinomas of the scalp or face while only three have been diagnosed in controls. There was a high prevalence of multiple skin cancers in the irradiated group (80 lesions among 41 cases). The minimum latent period for radiation-induced skin cancers was long--about 20 years--and this may be attributable to the young age of the population. The skin cancer risk was particularly pronounced on the face, where there would be more UVR exposure in addition to X-ray exposure. Lightness of complexion proved to be an important factor in the skin cancer risk. In addition, skin cancers were found only among caucasians, even though 25% of the study population were blacks. These findings suggest that UVR exposure levels or sensitivity to such exposure interact with ionizing radiation exposure in defining skin cancer risk.
在20世纪40年代和50年代,有一组约2200名儿童因头皮癣(头癣)接受了X射线治疗,还有一组1400名情况相当的儿童未接受X射线治疗。自治疗后,通过邮寄问卷对这两组儿童进行了平均26年的跟踪,以统计皮肤癌的发病率。X射线治疗是对头皮上五个重叠区域照射300 - 380伦琴,以导致完全脱毛。这使得头皮各部位接受的剂量为300 - 600拉德,面部和颈部皮肤接受的剂量较低。在接受照射的组中,有41人患有一种或多种头皮或面部基底细胞癌,而在对照组中仅有3人被诊断出患有此类癌症。接受照射的组中多发性皮肤癌的患病率很高(41例中有80处病损)。辐射诱发皮肤癌的最短潜伏期很长,约为20年,这可能归因于人群的年轻年龄。皮肤癌风险在面部尤为明显,除了X射线照射外,面部还会有更多的紫外线辐射暴露。肤色浅被证明是皮肤癌风险的一个重要因素。此外,尽管研究人群中有25%是黑人,但皮肤癌仅在白种人中发现。这些发现表明,紫外线辐射暴露水平或对这种暴露的敏感性在确定皮肤癌风险时与电离辐射暴露相互作用。