Schneider K, Fendel H
Rontgenblatter. 1984 Oct;37(10):347-52.
The ionic contrast media used so far have been associated with considerable risks in infants and children. The high osmolality of these media did not always permit a dosage sufficient for kidney imaging in the nephrographic and in the pyelographic phase. The new non-ionic contrast media have largely reduced these risks so that their general application in infants and young children should be recommended. Intravenous urographies using the non-ionic contrast medium Iopamidol 300 (Solutrast 300) were performed in 195 children aged one day to 12 years. Good to superior urograms were obtained in 85% of the investigations. No adverse reactions caused by the osmolality of the contrast media had been observed in spite of the relative high dosage. As a result of their low osmolality and non-ionic property a safe application of high doses was possible.
到目前为止，所使用的离子型造影剂在婴幼儿中具有相当大的风险。这些造影剂的高渗性并不总能保证在肾造影期和肾盂造影期获得足以进行肾脏成像的剂量。新型非离子型造影剂已在很大程度上降低了这些风险，因此建议在婴幼儿中广泛应用。对195名年龄从1天至12岁的儿童进行了使用非离子型造影剂碘帕醇300（优维显300）的静脉肾盂造影。85%的检查获得了良好至优质的尿路造影图像。尽管使用了相对高的剂量，但未观察到由造影剂渗透压引起的不良反应。由于其低渗性和非离子特性，高剂量的安全应用成为可能。
