Pinzon F J, Wing J M
J Dairy Sci. 1976 Jun;59(6):1100-3. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(76)84328-7.
Effects of pelleted and conventional citrus pulp as a replacement for corn, with soybean meal added to keep protein comparable, were tested in rations with 5% urea and 33.33% sugarcane bagasse for fistulated steers. Thus, all rations were low in readily fermented carbohydrates other than those of corn or citrus pulp. Evaluation criteria were concentrations of urea in blood and of pH, ammonia, and volatile fatty acids of rumen fluid. Citrus pulp for diets 1, 2, 3, and 4 was 0, 19, 38, or 55%. Rumen fluid and blood were sampled 1 h before and 2, 4, 7, and 12 h after feed was placed directly into the rumen. No differences between pelleted and conventional pulp or among time trends were significant except that for both forms rumen ammonia was lower with the two highest percents of citrus pulp. Addition of citrus pulp at 0, 19, 38, or 55% of the ration reduced rumen pH (6.85, 6.65, 6.61, 6.51). Blood urea and rumen ammonia decreased in steers fed 19, 38, or 55% pulp; thus, the acetic to propionic ratio was higher. Butyric acid changed only in the time trend. Total volatile fatty acid concentrations were higher at 19, 38, and 55% than at 0% pulp. They were higher at 38 and 55 than at 19%.
在含有5%尿素和33.33%甘蔗渣的日粮中，对瘤胃造瘘公牛进行试验，测试用颗粒状和传统柑橘果肉替代玉米并添加豆粕以保持蛋白质含量相当的效果。因此，除了玉米或柑橘果肉中的碳水化合物外，所有日粮中易发酵碳水化合物含量都很低。评估标准为血液中尿素浓度以及瘤胃液的pH值、氨和挥发性脂肪酸浓度。日粮1、2、3和4中的柑橘果肉含量分别为0%、19%、38%或55%。在将饲料直接放入瘤胃前1小时以及放入后2、4、7和12小时采集瘤胃液和血液样本。颗粒状果肉和传统果肉之间以及不同时间趋势之间均无显著差异，只是两种形式的果肉中，柑橘果肉含量最高的两个比例组的瘤胃氨含量较低。日粮中添加0%、19%、38%或55%的柑橘果肉会降低瘤胃pH值（分别为6.85、6.65、6.61、6.51）。饲喂19%、38%或55%果肉的公牛血液尿素和瘤胃氨含量降低；因此，乙酸与丙酸的比例更高。丁酸仅在时间趋势上有所变化。19%、38%和55%组的总挥发性脂肪酸浓度高于0%组。38%和55%组的总挥发性脂肪酸浓度高于19%组。
