Munoz N M, Cera L M, Leff A R
Am J Vet Res. 1984 Oct;45(10):1937-40.
The circulation and innervation to porcine cervical trachea were studied in 54 animals in situ. The antemortem response of porcine tracheal muscle was measured isometrically during selective injection of acetylcholine into the cranial thyroid arterial circulation. A predominantly unilateral (70.4%), rather than bilateral (3.7%), arterial circulation was identified; a cranial thyroid artery was not demonstrated in 25.9% of swine, suggesting dominant perfusion from the caudal thyroid circulation. After animals were killed, dye injection through the dominant cranial thyroid trunk demonstrated homogeneous perfusion of the muscle in all instances. In 20 of these animals, the distribution of parasympathetic innervation to porcine tracheal muscle was studied by selective electrical stimulation of the vagus nerves in situ. Tracheal smooth muscle response was measured isometrically, using settings (20 v, 20 Hz) causing maximal contractile force. Bilateral electrical stimulation caused active tracheal tension of 23.2 +/- 1.9 g/cm. Unilateral stimulation of the left vagus nerve caused 17.8 +/- 1.5 g/cm contraction, which was significantly greater than the response caused by selective stimulation of the right vagus nerve (12.1 +/- 1.6 g/cm; P less than 0.001). Innervation to porcine cervical trachea, although bilateral, is derived predominantly from the left vagus nerve; circulation is derived almost always from the left cranial thyroid artery.
对54只处于原位的猪的颈段气管的血液循环和神经支配进行了研究。在向甲状腺上动脉循环选择性注射乙酰胆碱期间，以等长方式测量猪气管肌肉的死前反应。发现主要为单侧（70.4%）而非双侧（3.7%）的动脉循环；25.9%的猪未显示甲状腺上动脉，提示主要由甲状腺下循环供血。动物处死后，通过占主导地位的甲状腺上干注射染料，在所有情况下均显示肌肉均匀灌注。在其中20只动物中，通过在原位选择性电刺激迷走神经，研究了猪气管肌肉副交感神经支配的分布。使用产生最大收缩力的设置（20伏，20赫兹）以等长方式测量气管平滑肌反应。双侧电刺激引起的气管主动张力为23.2±1.9克/厘米。单侧刺激左迷走神经引起17.8±1.5克/厘米的收缩，显著大于选择性刺激右迷走神经引起的反应（12.1±1.6克/厘米；P＜0.001）。猪颈段气管的神经支配虽然是双侧的，但主要来自左迷走神经；血液循环几乎总是来自左甲状腺上动脉。
