Holman C D, Armstrong B K, Heenan P J
Br J Cancer. 1984 Nov;50(5):673-80. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1984.235.
The roles of exogenous sex hormones and reproductive factors in the causation of malignant melanoma of the skin in women were examined in a case-control study of 276 patients and 276 matched controls in Western Australia. There was no consistent evidence of a relationship between the incidence rates of different histogenetic types of melanoma and age at menarche, duration of menstrual life, degree of obesity, number of pregnancies more than 20 weeks in duration or use of oral contraceptive preparations (OCP). Exposure to OCP was examined separately for different age periods and in different intervals of time before diagnosis; no consistent trend emerged. There was borderline evidence of an association of superficial spreading melanoma with duration of use of unopposed oestrogens. On the basis of seven studies of the relationship of melanoma to OCP published to date, we estimate that the total incidence rate of melanoma in OCP ever-users is unlikely to be increased by more than one third the rate in never-users.
在西澳大利亚对276例患者和276例匹配对照进行的一项病例对照研究中，对外源性性激素和生殖因素在女性皮肤恶性黑色素瘤病因中的作用进行了研究。不同组织发生类型的黑色素瘤发病率与初潮年龄、月经持续时间、肥胖程度、孕期超过20周的妊娠次数或口服避孕药（OCP）的使用之间，没有一致的证据表明存在关联。针对不同年龄阶段以及诊断前不同时间段分别研究了OCP暴露情况；未出现一致的趋势。有边缘证据表明浅表扩散型黑色素瘤与单纯使用雌激素的持续时间有关。根据迄今为止发表的七项关于黑色素瘤与OCP关系的研究，我们估计，曾经使用过OCP的人群中黑色素瘤的总发病率增加幅度不太可能超过从未使用者发病率的三分之一。
