Cooper K R, Kindt V, Snyder R
Drug Metab Rev. 1984;15(4):673-96. doi: 10.3109/03602538409041076.
Rainbow trout metabolized benzene to phenol and catechol, and excreted them primarily as glucuronide conjugates. Treatment with benzene or toluene resulted in spleenomegaly that may be a more generalized solvent effect on the circulating RBCs. Anemia was observed only in the benzene-treated animals. This may be a result of decreased erythropoiesis in the head kidney or a direct effect of the principal metabolite (phenol) or its reactive intermediate. Both the spleen and liver metabolized benzene in vitro, while no metabolism was observed in the head kidney or trunk kidney. This fact, along with the observed "covalently" bound material in the liver, spleen, and kidney in vivo, can be interpreted as indicating that a reactive metabolite is formed outside the head kidney and is transported to the head kidney where it results in the observed hematopoietic damage. A similar hypothesis has been suggested for the observed protection by partial hepatectomy against bone marrow effects in mammalian species. The effects observed in trout are similar to those reported for higher mammalian species, but the metabolic profile is simpler, and studies in these animals may shed light on the mechanism of benzene toxicity. The techniques developed for monitoring benzene toxicity in trout can also be used for examining other environmental pollutants that may affect the hematopoietic system of fish.
虹鳟鱼将苯代谢为苯酚和儿茶酚，并主要以葡糖醛酸共轭物的形式排泄它们。用苯或甲苯处理会导致脾肿大，这可能是对循环红细胞更普遍的溶剂效应。仅在经苯处理的动物中观察到贫血。这可能是头肾中红细胞生成减少的结果，或者是主要代谢产物（苯酚）或其反应性中间体的直接作用。脾脏和肝脏在体外均能代谢苯，而在头肾或躯干肾中未观察到代谢。这一事实，连同在体内肝脏、脾脏和肾脏中观察到的“共价”结合物质，可以解释为表明一种反应性代谢产物在头肾外形成，并被转运到头肾，在那里它导致了观察到的造血损伤。对于部分肝切除术对哺乳动物骨髓效应的观察到的保护作用，也提出了类似的假设。在鳟鱼中观察到的效应与在高等哺乳动物物种中报道的效应相似，但代谢谱更简单，对这些动物的研究可能有助于阐明苯毒性的机制。为监测鳟鱼中的苯毒性而开发的技术也可用于检测其他可能影响鱼类造血系统的环境污染物。
