Cheek D B, Wishart J, MacLennan A H, Haslam R
Early Hum Dev. 1984 Sep;10(1-2):75-84. doi: 10.1016/0378-3782(84)90113-0.
Total body water (TBW), extracellular volume (ECV) and intracellular water (ICW) were measured in a cross-sectional study of 107 infants up to four weeks after birth. Three groups of infants were selected for study: (1) mature normally grown infants, (2) mature low weight for gestational age (LWGA) infants and (3) premature normally grown infants. In the normal mature infants there was no significant change in TBW during the first 6 days after birth but there was a small but significant (P less than 0.02) redistribution of extracellular water into the cells by the sixth postnatal day. This suggests that the normal weight loss in infants after birth is due to a relative starvation rather than cell dehydration. In the LWGA infants, TBW levels were higher than normal and ICW significantly increased. This index of cell mass further increased throughout the 14-day period studied (P less than 0.01) and was the highest of all groups studied. It is argued that the changes are due to cytoplasmic growth. Premature babies (mean weight approximately 2000 g and greater than 30 weeks gestation) had higher TBW values than their mature normally grown counterparts. Hyponatraemia was infrequent and no shift of water into cells was detected. All groups of infants revealed loss of ECV over the first two weeks and in premature infants the loss was commensurate with that of TBW.
在一项对107名出生后四周内婴儿的横断面研究中，测量了总体水（TBW）、细胞外液量（ECV）和细胞内水（ICW）。选择了三组婴儿进行研究：（1）成熟的正常生长婴儿，（2）成熟的小于胎龄低体重（LWGA）婴儿，以及（3）早产的正常生长婴儿。在正常成熟婴儿中，出生后头6天TBW无显著变化，但到出生后第6天，细胞外液有少量但显著的（P小于0.02）重新分布进入细胞内。这表明婴儿出生后的正常体重减轻是由于相对饥饿而非细胞脱水。在LWGA婴儿中，TBW水平高于正常，ICW显著增加。在整个研究的14天期间，这个细胞质量指标进一步增加（P小于0.01），且是所有研究组中最高的。有人认为这些变化是由于细胞质生长。早产婴儿（平均体重约2000克且孕周大于30周）的TBW值高于其成熟的正常生长对应者。低钠血症不常见，未检测到水向细胞内转移。所有组的婴儿在头两周内ECV均有丢失，早产婴儿的丢失与TBW的丢失相当。
