Roberts S B, Coward W A
J Nutr. 1984 Dec;114(12):2193-200. doi: 10.1093/jn/114.12.2193.
The possibility that lactation increases the efficiency of energy use was investigated by comparing energy expenditure on activity and maintenance in virgin and lactating rats fed either ad libitum or restricted amounts of food. Energy expenditure was determined, by difference, in a nutrient balance study. Lactating rats fed ad libitum expended 34.9% less energy on activity and maintenance than did control animals. Of this change, 82% was specifically associated with lactation, but the remaining 18% was associated with the negative energy balance that occurred during lactation. Lactating rats fed restricted amounts of food expended less energy on activity and maintenance than did virgin rats fed at the same level of restriction, but this change was associated with increased negative energy balance and not specifically with lactation. These results indicate that the efficiency of energy use is increased substantially during lactation in the rat, regardless of the level of energy intake, and that mechanisms associated with negative energy balance play an important role in the change.
通过比较自由采食或限量采食的未生育大鼠和泌乳大鼠在活动及维持状态下的能量消耗，研究了泌乳是否会提高能量利用效率。在一项营养平衡研究中，通过差值法测定能量消耗。自由采食的泌乳大鼠在活动及维持状态下的能量消耗比对照动物少34.9%。在这一变化中，82% 与泌乳直接相关，但其余18% 与泌乳期间出现的负能量平衡有关。限量采食的泌乳大鼠在活动及维持状态下的能量消耗比处于相同限量水平的未生育大鼠少，但这种变化与负能量平衡增加有关，而非与泌乳直接相关。这些结果表明，无论能量摄入水平如何，大鼠在泌乳期间能量利用效率都会大幅提高，并且与负能量平衡相关的机制在这一变化中起重要作用。
