Mole R H
Phys Med Biol. 1984 Nov;29(11):1307-27. doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/29/11/001.
Recent observations on the sodium content of the human body, both total and exchangeable, using isotope dilution methods and activation of sodium by whole-body irradiation with neutrons in the course of clinical research, suggest that ICRP Reference Man is a misleading guide to the sodium content of the body and of the skeleton and its parts. They also show that reasonable predictions of body sodium content can be made from body weight, height and age, or even from body weight alone. Mean sodium in the average man is about 1.04 g per kg and in the average women about 0.98 g per kg in British and N. American populations. Within each sex mean tissue concentration is inversely related to body weight. Review of the dosimetry for the criticality accident at Y-12 Oak Ridge shows that dose estimates should be increased by about 10% because whole blood values of 24Na were relied on instead of plasma values. Taking account of body build reduces the range of dose amongst the four most heavily irradiated subjects. The absorbed doses reported for the subjects exposed at the criticality accident at Vinca, Yugoslavia, need to be increased by about 30% because the normal sodium content of the body was grossly overestimated. The more severe clinical picture at Vinca than at Y-12 is now more easily understood in terms of differences in dose. These changes are solely the result of improved information about sodium in the body. Other uncertainties in the dosimetry at Y-12 and Vinca are unaltered.
近期在临床研究过程中，运用同位素稀释法以及通过全身中子照射来活化钠元素，对人体钠含量（包括总钠含量和可交换钠含量）进行的观察表明，国际放射防护委员会（ICRP）的参考人对于人体、骨骼及其各部分的钠含量而言是一个具有误导性的指引。这些观察还表明，可以根据体重、身高和年龄，甚至仅依据体重，对人体钠含量做出合理预测。在英国和北美人群中，男性的平均钠含量约为每千克1.04克，女性的平均钠含量约为每千克0.98克。在每种性别中，平均组织浓度与体重呈负相关。对橡树岭Y - 12临界事故剂量测定的回顾显示，剂量估计值应提高约10%，因为所依据的是24Na的全血值而非血浆值。考虑到身体体型后，四名受照最严重受试者之间的剂量范围缩小了。据报道，在南斯拉夫温察临界事故中受照受试者的吸收剂量需要提高约30%，因为人体正常钠含量被严重高估了。现在，从剂量差异的角度更容易理解温察事故比Y - 12事故临床表现更严重的原因。这些变化完全是由于有关人体钠的信息得到了改进。Y - 12和温察剂量测定中的其他不确定因素并未改变。
