Takayama H, Konishi T
Hinyokika Kiyo. 1984 Jul;30(7):857-67.
Human urinary bladder mucosa, confirmed to be normal by cystoscopic, histologic and bacteriologic examination, were obtained from four patients at prostatectomy and from two patients at an anti-VUR procedure. The luminal surface and the three dimensional architecture of the bladder mucosa were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after cryofracture of specimen and by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The epithelium consists of superficial, intermediate and basal cells, and SEM and TEM showed that it was stratified. Intermediate cells reached the basal lamina by slender cytoplasmic processes but superficial cells were not directly in contact with the basal lamina. No pleomorphic or long microvilli were observed but short microvilli or granular protrusions were sparsely seen on the luminal surface of superficial cells. SEM of cryofractured surfaces revealed that cells from each cell layer were in contact with cellular junctions such as ridges, plicated projections and septum-like walls. Their junctions were more complicated with increasing depth of the cell layer. No pleomorphic or long microvilli were observed on any cell surface of the intermediate or basal cell layer. Under TEM, however, these junctional structures of ridges, plicated projections and septal walls appeared to be microvilli under TEM. Microvilli-like structures on TEM, therefore, have to be carefully distinguished from real microvilli. Careful observation is required when the presence of cells covered with microvilli is described as a sign of malignancy.
经膀胱镜、组织学和细菌学检查确认为正常的人膀胱黏膜，取自4例前列腺切除术患者和2例抗膀胱输尿管反流手术患者。标本冷冻断裂后，通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）观察膀胱黏膜的腔面和三维结构。上皮由表层、中层和基底细胞组成，SEM和TEM显示其为复层。中层细胞通过细长的细胞质突起到达基膜，但表层细胞不直接与基膜接触。未观察到多形性或长微绒毛，但在表层细胞的腔面上稀疏可见短微绒毛或颗粒状突起。冷冻断裂面的SEM显示，各细胞层的细胞通过嵴、褶状突起和隔膜样壁等细胞连接相互接触。随着细胞层深度的增加，它们的连接更为复杂。在中层或基底细胞层的任何细胞表面均未观察到多形性或长微绒毛。然而，在TEM下，这些嵴、褶状突起和隔膜样壁的连接结构看起来像是微绒毛。因此，TEM下的微绒毛样结构必须与真正的微绒毛仔细区分。当将覆盖有微绒毛的细胞的存在描述为恶性迹象时，需要仔细观察。
