Pring L
Child Dev. 1984 Oct;55(5):1865-77.
2 word/nonword decision experiments were carried out to investigate differences in reading that might exist between congenitally blind children reading Braille and sighted children dealing with print. 3 aspects of single-word recognition were studied: semantic processing, word-frequency effects, and phonological recoding. In addition, a comparison of word recognition performance was made under normal conditions and under conditions of reduced legibility. The sighted children showed an increased semantic facilitation effect with degraded when compared with undegraded print conditions. In contrast, for the blind children this trend was reversed. The magnitude of the word-frequency effect was unaffected by script legibility in either group. In addition, an increased difficulty of rejecting pseudohomophones (e.g., bloo) relative to legal nonwords (e.g., ploo) was found for the blind in the degraded condition and for the sighted with degraded and undegraded print. These results are discussed in terms of the relative influence of perceptual feature-analysis processes and attentional semantic processing.
进行了两项单词/非单词判断实验，以研究先天性失明儿童阅读盲文与有视力儿童阅读印刷品之间可能存在的阅读差异。研究了单字识别的三个方面：语义处理、词频效应和语音编码。此外，还比较了正常条件下和清晰度降低条件下的单词识别表现。与未降级的印刷条件相比，有视力的儿童在降级时表现出更大的语义促进效应。相比之下，对于失明儿童，这种趋势则相反。两组中词频效应的大小均不受文字清晰度的影响。此外，发现在降级条件下，失明儿童相对于合法非单词（如ploo）拒绝假同音字（如bloo）的难度增加，而对于有视力的儿童，在降级和未降级的印刷条件下都是如此。从感知特征分析过程和注意力语义处理的相对影响方面对这些结果进行了讨论。
