Millar S
Perception. 1984;13(5):567-79. doi: 10.1068/p130567.
The hypotheses that in Braille learning coding strategies change with reading level, and coding differs between normal and retarded readers were tested with oddity judgments by blind children. Experiment 1 showed that strategy choices varied with reading level only in association with mental age. By contrast, shape neglect and preference for phonological strategies were shown by retarded readers rather than by matched normal readers. Experiment 2 showed that under instructions to use given coding strategies the retarded were as accurate as normal readers. Accuracy for all forms of coding increased with reading level, but coding word shape was significantly less accurate than other forms of coding, and even correct coding of shape was no faster than semantic or phonological coding. It is concluded that coding the shape of Braille words is unlikely to be a major factor in producing faster Braille reading, and retarded Braille readers differ from normal readers in their spontaneous choice of strategy rather than in the ability to use the relevant codes.
关于在盲文学习中编码策略随阅读水平变化，以及正常读者和阅读障碍读者之间编码存在差异的假设，通过盲童的奇异性判断进行了测试。实验1表明，策略选择仅与心理年龄相关，随阅读水平而变化。相比之下，阅读障碍读者表现出形状忽视和对语音策略的偏好，而匹配的正常读者则没有。实验2表明，在使用给定编码策略的指示下，阅读障碍读者与正常读者一样准确。所有形式编码的准确性都随阅读水平提高，但对盲文字母形状的编码准确性明显低于其他形式的编码，甚至形状的正确编码也不比语义或语音编码快。得出的结论是，对盲文字母形状进行编码不太可能是实现更快盲文阅读的主要因素，阅读障碍的盲文读者与正常读者的区别在于他们自发的策略选择，而非使用相关编码的能力。
