Shupe J L, Olson A E, Peterson H B, Low J B
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1984 Dec 1;185(11):1295-300.
To compare the occurrence of chronic fluoride toxicosis in wild and domestic animals in selected areas of Utah, Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming, deer, elk, and bison bones and teeth were collected for evaluation. Vegetation and drinking water samples also were collected, so that potential sources of fluoride could be evaluated. Deer, elk, and bison were found to be susceptible to the adverse effects of ingestion of excessive amounts of fluoride. Teeth and bones were primarily affected with characteristic lesions. Pathognomonic soft tissue changes were not observed. The animals had been exposed to a variety of sources of excessive fluoride, including water high in fluoride, forages contaminated by industrial effluents that were high in fluoride, vegetation contaminated with high fluoride-content soil by rain splash or wind, or a combination of these sources. Waters high in fluoride, especially from geothermal springs and wells, often contained appreciable amounts of various soluble salts. Evidence accumulated from specimens collected throughout the aforementioned states indicated that there are areas where chronic fluoride toxicosis is a problem for wildlife. These areas were where natural sources of fluorine (especially geothermal waters) provided amounts for ingestion that exceed species tolerance limits or were near certain industrial operations.
为比较犹他州、爱达荷州、蒙大拿州和怀俄明州部分地区野生动物和家畜慢性氟中毒的发生情况，采集了鹿、麋鹿和野牛的骨骼与牙齿进行评估。还采集了植被和饮用水样本，以便评估氟的潜在来源。研究发现，鹿、麋鹿和野牛易受摄入过量氟的不利影响。牙齿和骨骼受到主要影响，出现特征性病变。未观察到具有诊断意义的软组织变化。这些动物接触过多种过量氟的来源，包括含氟量高的水、受高氟工业废水污染的草料、因雨水飞溅或风吹而被高氟土壤污染的植被，或这些来源的组合。含氟量高的水，尤其是来自地热泉和水井的水，通常含有大量各种可溶性盐。从上述各州采集的标本积累的证据表明，有些地区慢性氟中毒对野生动物构成问题。这些地区是氟的天然来源（尤其是地热水）提供的摄入量超过物种耐受限度的地方，或是靠近某些工业作业的地方。
